Benefits And Disadvantages Of Road And Air Transport.
The most widespread types of modern transport are automobile and air transport.
Road transport. The main reasons for the active use of vehicles in the logistics systems are inherent flexibility of delivery and high speed of intercity transport. Comparing with railway transport, road transport has relatively small investment in equipment terminals (loading and unloading facilities) and the use of public roads. However, the vehicles value of variable costs (salaries of drivers, the cost of fuel, tires and repairs) per 1 km of track is great, permanent costs (overheads, depreciation of vehicles) are small. Therefore, unlike rail automobile transport is best for the carriage of small shipments for small distances. This defines the scope of use of vehicles – manufacturing, trade, etc.
Despite of some problems in the road transport industry (growth in the cost of replacement and maintenance of equipment, salaries of drivers, loaders and maintenance staff) for the foreseeable future, road transport will remain the central position in providing the transportation needs of logistics.
Air transport. Cargo aircraft is the newest and least-needed international mode of transport. The main advantage is speed of delivery; a major drawback is the high cost of transportation, which is sometimes offset by the speed of delivery that helps eliminate the other elements of the structure of logistics costs associated with maintenance of warehouses and stockpiles. Although the range of air transport is not limited to, their share still represents less than 1% of all intercity freight (expressed in ton-miles). Features of air transport capacity and cargo capacity are limited by aircraft, as well as their limited availability.
Traditionally, for long-distance freight transport incidental passenger flights were used a lot, that was beneficial and economically, but also led to a loss of flexibility and delay of technological development. Freight jet airliner is costly, and demand for such transportation is not regular, so fleet, carrying only freight traffic, is very low.
Air transport is less the size of fixed costs compared to railways, waterways or pipelines. Fixed costs include the cost of air transport for the purchase of aircraft and, when it is necessary, special equipment and materials handling containers. Variable costs include the cost of kerosene, aircraft maintenance and labor costs of flight and ground personnel.
Since airports need very large open spaces for accommodation, air transport, as a rule, are not integrated into a single system with other modes of transport, except automotive.
Variety of goods is transported by air transport. The main feature of this mode of transport is that it is used for delivery of goods mainly in case of emergency, but not on a regular basis. Thus, the main cargo shipped by air – either expensive or perishable goods, where high transport costs are justified. Potential air cargo facilities are also such traditional logistics operations products, such as assembly parts and components, products sold by mail catalogs.
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